Medical reference book of diseases

Adenoma of a thyroid gland – a good-quality nodal new growth of tireoidny fabric. Adenoma of a thyroid gland can proceed asymptomatically or be shown by signs of a gipertireoz (decrease in body weight, weakness, tachycardia, perspiration, etc.), a compression of bodies of a neck. Diagnosis of adenoma of a thyroid gland consists in performing ultrasonography, hormonal researches (T3, T4, TTG, TG), roentgenoscopies of a gullet, a punktsionny biopsy of gland and a cytologic research of material, a stsintigrafiya. At adenoma tirostatichesky therapy with the subsequent operation (removal of nodal formation of a thyroid gland, gemitireoidektomiy) or treatment by radioactive iodine can be recommended....

Adenomioz – a disease at which the internal cover (endometrium) sprouts in muscular tissue of a uterus. Is a kind of endometriosis. It is shown by long plentiful periods, bleedings and brownish allocations during the intermenstrual period, the expressed PMS, pains during periods and during sex. Adenomioz usually develops at patients of childbearing age, dies away after approach of a climax. It is diagnosed on the basis of gynecologic survey, results of tool and laboratory researches. Treatment is conservative, quick or combined....

Adenoflegmona – the center of sharp suppuration in hypodermic and fatty cellulose with indistinct contours developing against the background of abstsediruyushchy lymphadenitis. Most often the adenoflegmona occurs in parotid and submaxillary areas at children. It is clinically shown by a manifest tumor, flyuktuiruyushchy when pressing, with hyperemic skin in the central part, rather dense, painful at a palpation. The general condition of the patient is characterized by intoxication symptoms. Diagnostics taking into account typical clinic does not cause difficulties, carry in addition out ultrasonography of soft fabrics, blood tests, a punktata. Treatment of an adenoflegmona consists in immediate surgery....

Edentia – the total or partial absence of teeth arising owing to their loss or anomaly of development of zubochelyustny system. The edentia is characterized by violation of a continuity of tooth alignments, functions of chewing and the speech, cosmetic defect; in hard cases - deformation of a facial skeleton, VNChS diseases, further loss of teeth. Diagnosis of an edentia is carried out by the specialist stomatologist by means of visual and palpatorny inspection, an aim intra oral rentgeyonografiya, an orthopan-tomography. Treatment of an edentia consists in performing rational prosthetics by means of partial or full removable artificial limbs or dental implantation....

Adipozogenitalny dystrophy – the neuroendocrine pathology which is shown the excess weight and an underdevelopment of gonads. Is followed by obesity on ginoidny type and lag in sexual development. Diagnostics is based on fizikalny survey of the pediatrician or endocrinologist, a research of a hormonal background. The X-ray analysis and a tomography of gipotalamo-hypophysial area is in addition appointed. Therapy of the main disease which caused dystrophy is shown. Symptomatic treatment includes introduction of a horionichesky gonadotrophin, replaceable hormonal therapy, dietary food....

Adneksit (salpingooforit) – inflammatory process with simultaneous involvement of ovaries and uterine tubes (uterus appendages). In the sharp period it is characterized by pain in the bottom of a stomach, more intensively from an inflammation, the increased temperature, symptoms of intoxication. Violation of menstrual function can be observed. In a chronic stage the clinic is less expressed, there is periodic recurrence of a disease. Conducts to formation of solderings and unions in uterine tubes, increases probability of extra-uterine pregnancy and infertility....

Adrenogenital syndrome — a hereditary disease of adrenal glands at which owing to functional insolvency of enzymes it is broken . It is shown by a virilization of genitals, a maskulinopodobny constitution, a breast underdevelopment, a girsutizm, an acne, amenorey or oligomenorey, infertility. During diagnostics determine levels 17 of hydroxyprogesterone, 17 ketosteroids, an androstendion, by AKTG, carry out ultrasonography of ovaries. To patients appoint replaceable hormonal therapy glucocorticoids and mineralokortikoida, estrogen in a combination with androgens or progestins of new generation. If necessary carry out plasticity of genitals....

Asian section of eyes – the features of Mongoloid type of eyes which are characterized by a narrow section of an eye crack, a smoothness or lack of supraorbitalny folds of an upper eyelid and existence of an epikantus – skin folds in internal corners of eyes. Also unlike the European the Asian section of eyes has small orbits, thick skin a century, surplus of orbital fat and higher arrangement of eyebrows. Typical features of an Asian section of eyes are genetically determined lines inherited on autosomno-prepotent type....

Azoospermiya – the violation of a spermatogenesis which is characterized by lack of spermatozoa as a part of semen. Depending on the reasons distinguish an obstructive and not obstructive azoospermiya. Azoospermiya is followed by impossibility of conception a natural way, and in certain cases - and by means of auxiliary reproductive technologies. Azoospermiya is diagnosed in the course of inspection of the reproductive status of the man (ultrasonography, biopsies of a small egg, determination of level of hormones, spermograms, ASAT). At an obstructive azoospermiya microsurgical restoration of passability of semyavynosyashchy ways is required; at a sekretorny form of pathology – performing the stimulating hormonal therapy. In case of impossibility of natural conception resort to use of EKO (IKSI)....

Akalkuliya is the generalizing concept including various violations of understanding of numbers and commission of arithmetic actions. The number, the numerical category, impossibility to consistently carry out calculations is shown by visual/acoustical not recognition of figures, misunderstanding of a concept. It is diagnosed on the basis of clinical features, results of neurologic, psychiatric survey, arithmetic testing, a cerebral tomography. Treatment is carried out concerning a basic disease, rehabilitation includes special classes in restoration of arithmetic abilities....

Akantamebiaz - the protozoan damage of eyes, integuments and TsNS caused by free living amoebas. The disease proceeds in the form of akantamebny conjunctivitis and a keratit, dermatitis or granulematozny encephalitis. Perforation of a cornea, formation of abscesses of internals can serve as complications of an akantamebiaz. The diagnosis of an akantamebiaz is established by detection of amoebas and their tsist in plaintive liquid, scrapes from a cornea, bioptata of skin, cerebrospinal fluid. Local and system treatment of an akantamebiaz is carried out by antibiotics of group of aminoglycosides (in the form of eye drops, ointments, injections)....

Akantamyobny keratit — the inflammatory disease of a cornea caused to protozoa — akantameby. This type of a keratit is characteristic of the people using contact correction. Arises at the wrong care of lenses. Is it is long the current disease, is more often from the failure. Patients show complaints to severe pain in eyes, a photophobia, decrease in visual acuity. Pathology is diagnosed by means of a method of a biomikroskopiiya, a pakhimetriya, a keratometriya and microbiological researches. Treatment is conservative, by means of eye drops; in hard cases surgical intervention is necessary....

Akatiziya — constant internal motivation to the movement, pathological restlessness. A subjective component of a phenomenon — burdensome desire to move, discomfortable feelings, feeling of the increasing alarm in the absence of movements. The objective symptomatology is expressed in fussiness, restlessness, marking time, aimless movement. Diagnostics is performed clinically, tool researches are applied to an exception of organic damage of a brain. Treatment depends on a state etiology, use of magnesium, holinolitik, adrenoblokator, blockers of 5-HT2-retseptorov, GAMK of exponential and adrenoblokiruyushchy medicines is possible....

The disease of sebaceous glands which is characterized by obstruction and an inflammation of hair follicles is called an acne (acne), or an acne disease. The variety of the causes and clinical displays of an acne, its frequent occurrence at different age, the caused cosmetic problems do this disease urgent for many medical experts. Basic elements at an acne are pustulous and papular eels, comedones, nodal educations and cystous cavities. In effective treatment of an acne the large role is played by an individual and integrated approach....

Akrogeniya family – extremely rare hereditary disease which concerns to group of an atrophic dermatosis. Symptoms of a disease is thinning and an atrophy of integuments on disteel sites of extremities, the forearm and a face in certain cases can be surprised. Diagnostics is made on the basis of a research of a condition of skin at patients with a family akrogeriya, histologic studying of material of a biopsy, drawing up the hereditary anamnesis. Effective treatment is not developed for today, with variable success use vitamin medicines and biogenous stimulators....

Akrodermatit – a little various on an etiopatogeneza of the nozologiya united by the uniform term on the basis of localization of pathological process on skin of disteel departments of extremities. The inflammation terms is the cornerstone of each of diseases. Enteropatichesky akrodermatit arises at children against the background of deficiency of zinc. Atrophic akrodermatit is skin display of borreliosis (an infectious disease after a sting of a tick). Pustulous akrodermatit – result of a trofonevroz which can be considered as violation of work of the autonomic nervous system as a result of failure of exchange processes and food of fabrics. Diagnostics, treatment and the forecast of any of akrodermatit are individual....

Akrodermatit Allopo – the pustulous disease of skin of not clear etiology and pathogenesis which is characterized by localization of pathological process in extremities. In clinic the rash of primary elements in a look , tending to merge prevails. Originally, as a rule, the brush thumb, then other fingers, the back of brushes and feet is surprised. Skin is edematous, a cyanotic shade; the nail bed is thickened, covered with crusts; nail plate of lurid color; the movements hurt. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the clinical manifestations confirmed histologically. Treatment is symptomatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory....

Akromegaliya - the pathological increase in separate parts of a body connected with the forward share of a hypophysis raised by production of somatotropny hormone (growth hormone) as a result of its tumoral defeat. Arises at adults and it is shown by integration of features (a nose, ears, lips, the lower jaw), increase in feet and hands, constant headaches and joint pains, violation of sexual and reproductive functions at men and women. The increased growth hormone level in blood causes early oncological, pulmonary, cardiovascular diseases mortality....

AKTG-ektopichesky syndrome – polisimptomny neuroendocrine pathology at which the ektopichesky tumor produces adrenokortikotropny hormone and/or kortikotropin-rileasing-hormone that is followed by strengthening of production of corticosteroids bark of adrenal glands. Characteristic signs are the hyperpegmentation of skin and mucous membranes, the progressing muscular hypotonia, obesity, an arterial hypertension, articulate pains. Diagnostics includes blood test on AKTG and cortisol, a X-ray analysis and other methods of visualization allowing to define a neoplasia arrangement. Treatment is directed to elimination of a new growth (radiotheraphy, chemotherapy, operation)....

Aktinichesky dermatitis is the inflammation of skin resulting from beam influence. Aktinichesky dermatitis can be caused by sunshine, artificial sources of UF-radiation and the ionizing radiation. The clinical picture of dermatitis depends on intensity and time of influence of radiation for skin. Chronic aktinichesky dermatitis can develop at farmers, welders, working melting and foundry shops, radiologists. Treatment of aktinichesky dermatitis includes use of the healing creams and means for treatment of burns, prevention of infection and fight against a pain syndrome. At necrotic changes of big sites of skin plastic closing of defect can be required....